Białystok
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February action
Nazi action in February 1943 killed and deported thousands of Jews.
February action in the Bialystok ghetto
Massacre involving searches, shootings, and evacuations from February 5–12, 1943.
Evacuation of Jews to Treblinka
Pejsach Kaplan observed hundreds of Jews rounded up for evacuation to Treblinka.
Execution of Izchok Malmed
Izchok Malmed was hanged in the square and later re-hanged after the rope broke.
Death of Cwi Wider
Cwi Wider hanged himself at home after leaving notes for the council and his wife.
Death of Polja Dlugacz
Polja Dlugacz took her life after being shot.
Evacuation of Jews from the provinces
Jews from surrounding communities were evacuated to Treblinka.
Train arrival at Majdanek
A train carrying Jewish women reached Majdanek instead of Treblinka.
Copying of Judenrat archives
Tamarof gained permission to copy Judenrat archives for the resistance leadership.
Szymon Datner returned to Bialystok
Datner returned to Bialystok in early August 1944 after illness.
Red Army entered Bialystok
Red Army battalions entered Bialystok on July 27, 1944.
Tzchok Kulkin perished in prison
Kulkin's inscription states that he perished in Bialystok prison for the Jewish people.
Bialystok ghetto liquidation
The Bialystok ghetto was liquidated in August 1943.
Mersik-Tamarof archive established
The archive was established in November–December 1942 after Tamarof returned from Warsaw.
Hersz Mersik died
Mersik died from typhus in the Bialystok ghetto on January 28, 1943.
Archive unearthed
Dr. Lejb Blumental unearthed the archive in August 1945.
Three Jews hanged
Three Jews were executed by hanging before the Judenrat building on December 31, 1942.
Bialystok ghetto armed resistance
Jews in the Bialystok ghetto began armed resistance against the Nazis in February 1943.
Bialystok ghetto gates closed
All gates were locked for three weeks in November 1942, preventing entry and exit.
Tax imposed on Bialystok ghetto Jews
The Nazi command levied a five-million-ruble tax on Jews in the Bialystok ghetto on November 2, 1942.
Refugees enter Bialystok ghetto
Escaping Jews from surrounding towns and villages entered the Bialystok ghetto.
Potato edict imposed
In October 1942, girls and women aged sixteen to fifty in the Bialystok ghetto were ordered to report for slave labor harvesting potatoes.
Evacuation of surrounding Jewish communities
On November 2, 1942, the vicinity around Bialystok containing approximately 150,000 Jews was evacuated; people were murdered in their home communities or sent to Treblinka.
Deportation of Bialystok Jews to Pruzane
Thousands of Bialystok Jews were deported to Pruzane, where they were confined in a ghetto.
Arrival of Bialystok deportees in Pruzane
Deported Bialystok Jews arrived alive in Pruzane and were welcomed by local Jews.
Return of Bialystok Jews from Pruzane
Approximately 1,500 Bialystoker Jews left Pruzane and returned to the Bialystok ghetto.
Gestapo takeover of the ghetto
The Gestapo took over the ghetto after the November 1942 events.
Creation of the ghetto police force
The Judenrat created a police force of more than two hundred young men.
Appointment of Mojsze Berman
Mojsze Berman was appointed assistant to the former fire commissioner commanding the police.
Formation of the Bialystok Judenrat
Rabbi Rozenman was ordered to form a twelve-member Judenrat on the first day of Nazi occupation.
Expansion of the Judenrat
The Judenrat was enlarged from twelve to twenty-four councilmen.
Death of Pejsach Kaplan
Kaplan died shortly after completing his diary in March 1943.
First expulsion from the Bialystok ghetto
Poor and jobless Jews were deported as part of the first expulsion.
Deportation summons to Pruzane
Jews were summoned to assemble with possessions for deportation to Pruzane.
Jenta Lejzerson’s departure for Israel
Jenta Lejzerson and her children traveled from Vienna through Turkey and Syria to Israel.
Ordered removal of 12,000 Jews
The Gestapo ordered the Judenrat to arrange removal of 12,000 Jews before Rosh Hashanah 1941.