Białystok
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Composition of a memorial poem
Pejsach Kaplan composed the memorial poem “Rivkele, the Victim of Saturday.”
Thursday victims massacre
Nazis reportedly shot two hundred Jews at Pietrasze Field after the July 3 roundup.
Great Synagogue fire
Nazi grenades ignited the Great Synagogue, killing more than 2,000 Jews over twenty-four hours.
Formation of the Bialystok Judenrat
Nazi authorities ordered Jewish leaders to form a Judenrat in Bialystok.
Nazi entry into Bialystok
Nazi forces entered Bialystok on June 27, 1941, attacking Jewish neighborhoods.
Bialystok refugee welcome and aid
Bialystok Jews welcomed and aided Jewish refugees arriving during World War II, providing food and other assistance.
April 1940 deportations from Bialystok
Refugees and native Bialystok Jews were arrested and transported to Siberia and other Soviet regions.
June 19, 1941 raid in Bialystok
Local authorities raided Jews and non-Jews, arresting people and exiling families.
Soviet Army takeover of Bialystok
The Soviet Army completely overran Bialystok on September 17, 1939.
Soviet occupation of Bialystok
Soviet occupation and control began in Bialystok after Soviet forces arrived; the passage also discusses winter 1939–40.
Establishment of a consolidated orphanage
Three facilities were combined into one large orphanage under Soviet authorities.
German invasion of Bialystok
German forces entered Bialystok during the first weeks of World War II.
German withdrawal from Bialystok
German forces were seen packing their bags and heading for Warsaw before the Soviet takeover of Bialystok.
Red Army arrival in Bialystok
The Red Army arrived in Bialystok on September 22, 1939.
German air raids on Bialystok
German aircraft bombed Bialystok after the first two weeks of war.
Establishment of children's home
A children's home was established in an impoverished Bialystok neighborhood.
Burning of the Great Synagogue
More than 1,500 Jewish people were burned inside the Great Synagogue.
Liquidation of the Bialystok ghetto
The liquidation of the Bialystok ghetto began during a bitter morning.
Maxim Litvinov served as Soviet foreign minister
Litvinov served as Soviet Foreign Minister from 1921 to 1939.
Maxim Litvinov served as Soviet ambassador to the United States
Litvinov served as Soviet Ambassador to the United States from 1941 to 1943.
Habimah Theater opened
Habimah Theater opened in 1913 with Shma Yisroel.
Das Neue Leben began publication
Das Neue Leben began publication on February 19, 1919, under the editorship of Pejsach Kaplan.
Sholem Aleichem Library opened
The Sholem Aleichem Library opened in Bialystok on May 13, 1919.
Relief committee delegates arrived in Bialystok
Bialystoker Relief Committee delegates arrived in Bialystok in 1920.
Bialystok Kehilla received relief funds
In 1919, the Bialystok Kehilla received relief funds from the Bialystoker Center in New York.
Founding of Bialystok
The village of Bialystok is described as founded by Count Gedimin.
Eliezer Halbersztam settles in Bialystok
Eliezer Halbersztam, founder of the Haskalah movement in Bialystok, settled there; no date is supported by the supplied excerpt.
Ludwig Zamenhof born in Bialystok
Dr. Ludwig Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto, is born in Bialystok.
Meir Walach born in Bialystok
Meir Walach, later known as Maxim Litwinow, is born in Bialystok.
Jakow Pat born in Bialystok
Jakow Pat, writer and Bund leader, is born in Bialystok.
First Jewish printing press opens
A first Jewish printing press opened in Bialystok; the supplied excerpt does not establish the date 1828.
Jewish Hospital founded
The Jewish Hospital in Bialystok is founded by Sender Bloch.
First silk factories established
Nochum Minc and Sender Bloch establish Bialystok’s first silk factories.
Ludwig Zamenhof dies
Ludwig Zamenhof dies in Warsaw in 1917.
Extermination of Jewish Hospital doctors and patients
Doctors and patients were exterminated during the Nazi occupation.
Klementynowski chaired the final Jewish Kehilla
Klementynowski served as chairman before World War II.