Łódź
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Haim Vidavski
Pillar of Hatehiyya who later became a victim in the Lodz ghetto.
WIZO
Zionist women's organization active with Malka Reznik at its head.
Malka Reznik
Head of WIZO according to the passage.
Tuvia Bialer
Council member and recognized Mizrachi leader.
Dr. Shvayg
Long-serving council member associated with Hitahdut.
Layzer Levin
Leader of the Right Poale Zion.
Goldin
Leader of the Right Poale Zion.
Left Poalei Zion
A Jewish workers’ political party active in Lodz.
Chaim Brand (Mietek)
Named activist of the Left Poalei Zion.
M. Edelman
Named activist of the Left Poalei Zion.
Arieh Holendersky
Named activist of the Left Poalei Zion.
Baruch Shapiro
Named activist of the Left Poalei Zion.
The Lodzer Arbeter
Yiddish weekly newspaper published by the Left Poalei Zion.
Shmuel Milman
Named Bund activist in Lodz.
Dr. Margolis
Named Bund activist in Lodz.
Artur Zygelbojm
Named Bund activist in Lodz.
Roze Aikhner
Named at the beginning of the passage and associated with Bund women's organization leadership.
United States
Country where Israel Lichtenstein died according to the passage.
Tsisho Schools
Secular folk schools conducted in Yiddish, supported by Israel Lichtenstein.
Shmuel Zygelboim
Named as a Bund figure who committed suicide in London in 1949 as a protest.
YAF (Jewish Worker Woman)
Bund women’s organization headed by Roze Aikhner.
Morgnshtern
Bund-affiliated sports club.
Skim
Bund-affiliated children’s organization.
Kultur-Line
Bund-founded cultural and educational organization conducting dramatic activities.
Communist organization in Lodz
Illegal organization with notable influence among Jewish workers.
Sanacja
Political movement associated with a period of increased Agudah influence.
Yisrael Lichtenstein
Named individual.
Sh. Ranozhinfki
Named author of a Lodz recollection.
Palestine
Palestine is identified as a destination of intensified emigration.
Polish higher schools
Polish higher schools became harder for Jewish secondary-school graduates to enter.
Chadekes (Christian Democracy)
A strong political party in Lodz with an explicitly antisemitic character.
Kazimierz Kowalski
Antisemitic Endecja leader in the Łódź city council.
Łódź City Council
City council controlled by Endecja in 1994.
Unnamed young jurist
Narrator who studied and practiced law but was excluded from legal advocacy.
Czechoslovakia
Country whose territory was partly occupied in 1938.
Court
Court where proceedings continued during air-raid alarms.