Białystok
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Escape from the Ghetto Workplace
Eight people escaped their place of work in the ghetto on November 1, 1943.
Bialystok ghetto liquidation begins
German, Ukrainian, and White Russian forces began liquidating the Bialystok ghetto on August 16, 1943.
Jewish children deported to Auschwitz
Approximately 1,200 Jewish children were taken away and later learned to have been deported to Auschwitz and gassed; Mirele’s individual fate is not confirmed.
Mass shooting at Poniatow labor camp
On November 3, 1943, 22,000 Jews, including 9,000 Bialystoker Jews, were shot.
Deportation of Bialystok ghetto children
The last 1,200 children were transported from Bialystok to Theresienstadt in late August 1943.
Deportation of women and children to Treblinka
Women and children were transported from the ghetto to Treblinka.
Transport of young men to Lublin-Poniatow
Young men were transported to Lublin-Poniatow after factory work.
Murder of resistance fighters and shelter occupants at Chmielna
Nazis discovered a shelter on Chmielna Street and shot a group of resistance fighters to death.
Massacre at the Jewish hospital
More than two hundred patients, doctors, and nurses were killed at the Jewish hospital.
Evacuation of children from Pietrasze Field
Some 1,200 children were evacuated from Pietrasze Field.
Fire near the Judenrat building
A house near the Judenrat building burned; approximately 26 Jews died.
Emptying of Pietrasze Field
On August 18, 1943, Jews were deported from Pietrasze Field to several destinations.
Deportation train leaves Bialystok
Jews were divided by work suitability and loaded onto a train leaving Bialystok.
Train cars separated at Malkin
At Malkin, rear cars carrying unsuitable workers were uncoupled and sent to Treblinka.
Arrival at Lublin-Poniatow
Approximately 3,000 Bialystoker Jews arrived at Lublin-Poniatow concentration camp.
Capture and deportation of Jews from hideouts
More than 2,000 Jews were captured in hideouts and sent to Treblinka.
Selection and removal from Pietrasze Field
Gestapo forces removed approximately 3,000 people from Pietrasze Field for slave labor; the evidence does not establish Friedl as organizer of this removal.
Mass murder at the ghetto cemetery
Elderly and ill Jews were shot and buried in pits at the cemetery.
Release of Rabbi Rozenman and family
Markus secured Rabbi Rozenman and his family’s release from the field.
Transfer of children into the ghetto
Twelve hundred children were sent back into the ghetto and housed in a building.
Deportation to Treblinka
Jews deemed unfit for work were transported to Treblinka and killed.
Gestapo shooting of Jakow Goldberg
The Gestapo shot Jakow Goldberg during the August liquidation.
Burning of Jews in the large synagogue
Nazi forces herded 2,000 Jews into a large synagogue and burned them alive.
Shooting of Bialystok intellectuals
Murderers shot 300 Jewish intellectuals near Bialystok.
Deportation of Bialystok Jews to an extermination camp
German forces dragged 5,000 Bialystok Jews to an extermination camp and killed them.
Establishment of the Bialystok ghetto
Nazi authorities established the Bialystok ghetto on August 1, 1941, imprisoning 60,000 Jews.
Exile of Bialystok Jews to Pruzhine
German forces exiled 6,000 Bialystok Jews to Pruzhine for forced labor.
Mass executions in the Bialystok vicinity
In November 1942, Jews from cities and towns near Bialystok were slain in mass executions; the quote does not specifically identify them as Bialystok Jews.
First liquidation of the Bialystok ghetto
The first ghetto liquidation deported 12,000 Jews to Treblinka.
Final liquidation of the Bialystok ghetto
The final liquidation involved resistance and the destruction of the ghetto.
Nazi attack on the ghetto
Several hundred armed Nazis entered the ghetto and occupied factories and the Judenrat building.
Nazi operation against the ghetto
Jews near the ghetto fence heard suspicious noises and heavy Nazi footsteps, causing confusion and panic on August 16, 1943, at 2 A.M.
Orphans' suicide at the orphanage
Abramczyk and two other orphans hanged themselves at the orphanage entrance.
Death of Cantor Czudin
Cantor Czudin died of a heart attack during the liquidation.
1906 Bialystok pogrom
Tsarist police and military carried out bloody pogroms against local Jews.
Burial of Cantor Czudin
Cantor Czudin was buried at Zabia cemetery.