Białystok
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Prison guards leave and prisoners go free
More than two thousand prisoners leave their cells after guards depart.
The prison is set on fire
The prison catches fire shortly after the guards leave.
Bombing of Bialystok
German aircraft bombed Bialystok on 22 June 1941, causing deaths and injuries.
Wounding of Yi. Ditsky
Yi. Ditsky was wounded by bombs and later died from his wounds.
Nazi attack on Bialystok Jews
Nazi perpetrators entered Bialystok and attacked Jewish homes and residents.
Fire at the Great Synagogue
The Great Synagogue burned for approximately 24 hours with Jews trapped inside.
Arrests and deportations of Bialystok activists
Several Bialystok activists were arrested and taken to prison on June 19, 1941.
Mordechai Khamelnik imprisoned in Brisk
Mordechai Khamelnik was imprisoned for more than a year in a local prison.
Death of Shmuel Finkel
Shmuel Finkel died shortly after returning from Minsk.
Fire at the Great Synagogue
A fire at the Great Synagogue accompanied violence, deaths, and escape by some Jews.
Fire in Bialystok Jewish district
A fire in the Jewish district killed about two thousand Jews and destroyed many residences.
Rescue of sixty Jewish children
Gitel Chaikowsky hid sixty Jewish children in a flooded cellar and rescued them.
The Thursday action
Nazi perpetrators carried out a major action against Jews in Bialystok.
Street closures and arrests
Nazi forces closed streets in Bialystok and removed men aged sixteen to sixty from homes; the supplied evidence does not support Bialystok as a victim participant.
Workers at Stein’s warehouses contributed food
Workers at Stein’s warehouses received food as payment and contributed weekly food to Jewish orphans.
Massacre of Bialystok Jewish intellectuals
A massacre killed many members of Bialystok's Jewish intelligentsia.
Deportation of Jewish men
Thousands of Jewish men were taken away; some were detained for labor.
Murder of thousands of Jews
Thousands of Jews were murdered by Nazi perpetrators on the way and at Pietrashe.
Founding of a special committee
Women, specifically mothers of the Sabbath detainees, formed a special committee; Moshe Kuriansky is identified as its leader.
Yellow-patch decree
Nazi authorities required Jews in Bialystok to wear yellow patches in July 1941.
Nazi forces enter Bialystok
Nazi forces entered Bialystok on August 1, 1941.
Ghetto gates and guarding
The Bialystok ghetto had three gates and was guarded from outside and inside.
Kaplan lived and worked in Bialystok
Kaplan lived and created in Bialystok for nearly sixty years.
Kaplan served as Bialystok Ghetto archivist
During Hitler’s rule, Kaplan served as the official archivist of the Bialystok Ghetto.
Construction of New World House of Study
The New World house of study was built in 1893.
Construction of the butchers' synagogue
The butchers' synagogue was built in 1899.
Moshe Berman appointed police vice-commander
The Jewish Council appointed Moshe Berman police vice-commander.
Creation of the Jewish Police
The Jewish Police was created by the Jewish Council under German authority.
Yaakov Goldberg led the Judenrat provisioning department
Yaakov Goldberg led the Judenrat provisioning department, which distributed bread and expanded administratively.
Leiter Subotnik directed the State Bank
Leiter Subotnik directed the State Bank and signed orders in room ten.
Murder action in the province
During the province’s murder action, the girls’ lives were in danger.
Jewish hospital transferred to Fabrik Street
The Jewish hospital moved from Warszawer Street to Fabrik Street.
Jewish Council sanitation section established
The Jewish Council established a sanitation section under A. Furman.
Organization of Jewish Council schools
The Cultural Department organized two schools under the Jewish Council.
School closures during November 1942 Aktion
The schools were closed when the bloody November 1942 Aktion began.
Judenrat factory creation
The Judenrat established a range of large and small factories.