Łuków
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Deaths during the typhus epidemic
Dozens died daily in the ghetto during a severe typhus epidemic.
Shooting on the second day of Passover
Three drunk German soldiers shot in the ghetto for several hours, causing several Jewish casualties.
Three Aktionen in Lukow
Lukow Jews had survived three Aktionen in Lukow.
Night escape from Łuków
The group escaped from Łuków at night and reached a forest.
German search operation
German forces organized a large raid and questioned peasants after the attack.
Arrival in Kamnatsker Forest
The group arrived in Kamnatsker Forest after further wandering.
German attack on a bunker
German forces surrounded and fired on the bunker as its occupants tried to escape.
Killing of an unnamed group member
An unnamed German shot and killed a member of the group after wounding him in the leg.
Narrator reaches Galambki
The narrator traveled to Galambki seeking rescue from the Nuzhinsky household.
Rescue of narrator
An unknown man rescued and revived the narrator in the forest with food and medicine; the narrator was the survivor.
Narrator's journey to Lukow
The narrator traveled to Lukow and met their mother.
Jewish person escaped from train
An unnamed Jewish person jumped from a moving train and was caught by an unnamed Pole.
Capture of the narrator’s mother and brother
The narrator’s mother and brother were captured on a railway line while traveling at night.
Secret release of the narrator’s mother and brother
A police commander recognized and secretly released the narrator’s mother and brother.
Murder of the narrator’s mother and brother
Poles killed the narrator’s mother and brother in the same village in late 1943.
Escape from the Lukow ghetto
The unnamed narrator left the Lukow ghetto alone in early 1943, leaving the mother behind.
Removal of the last Jews from surrounding towns
The narrator learned that the last Jews were taken away from several towns in spring 1943.
Escape from the Łuków ghetto
The mother and youngest brother escaped from the Łuków ghetto and hid elsewhere.
German burning of half a village
German forces burned half a village after a report that Jews were being hidden in a neighboring village.
Liquidation of ghettos in the region
The narrator recalls the liquidation of ghettos throughout the region.
Escape from the final Aktion
The narrator’s mother and youngest brother escaped the final Aktion.
Mother worked as a seamstress
The narrator’s mother sewed for Christians in a village.
People taken to Majdanek
People were captured and taken to Majdanek.
Search for hidden Jews
Murderers searched houses and stables while the narrator hid.
Escape from a moving train
A Jewish person jumped from a moving train and was caught by a Pole.
Capture near railway tracks
The narrator’s mother and brother were captured while walking at night near railway tracks.
Killing of the narrator’s mother and brother
Poles killed the narrator’s mother and brother in the same village in late 1943.
Departure from the ghetto
The narrator left his mother in the ghetto and departed alone in early 1943.
Ghetto roundup
German and Ukrainian forces ordered residents to assemble with hand luggage amid gunfire.
Threatened killing of narrator
Attackers threatened to kill the narrator, who was urged to flee and hide.
German entry into Łuków
The Germans entered Łuków and imposed a curfew.
Forced labor assignment
Jews registered at the labor office and received assigned work.
Ghetto encirclement and attack
German forces, police, and Ukrainian auxiliaries surrounded and fired on the ghetto Jews in Łuków on 1943-05-22; the victims are ghetto Jews, not the place Łuków.
Deportation of the last Jews
The last Jews were taken in rows to Treblinka.
Arrival in the Mezritch ghetto
The narrator and companions arrived in the Mezritch ghetto after traveling for three days and nights.
Cleansing action in Mezritch
Armed perpetrators surrounded Mezritch and assembled Jews for a violent action.