Łuków
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Camp liquidation
The camp was liquidated in winter 1941, after which the narrator went home.
Deportation of Jews from Lukow to Mezeritch
The Gestapo transported Jews from Lukow to Mezeritch after an attempted ransom.
Roundup and shooting in Lukow
Perpetrators encircled Lukow, ordered Jews to the cattle market, and shot some who arrived late.
Shootings at the cattle market
Jews were ordered to the cattle market, and dozens were shot for failing to arrive there on time.
Gastman family hiding during an Aktion
The Gastman family hid in two bunkers during an Aktion.
Sarah and her children’s murder
Sarah and her children were discovered during the May 1943 Aktion and shot with other Jews.
Murder of Jews at Malcinower Cemetery
Captured Jews were taken to Malcinower Cemetery, stripped, and shot.
Escape to the forest
The narrator and family escaped into the forest after the actions.
Return to the Łuków ghetto
The narrator’s group returned to the Łuków ghetto on the eve of Purim in 1943.
Tzvi’s military service and death in Jerusalem
Tzvi served in the Israeli army and fell during the capture of Mount Zion.
Liberation of Lukow
Lukow was liberated from the Nazis in 1944.
Bombing of Kalushin
German bombers dropped incendiary bombs on Kalushin.
Flight toward the Soviets
The narrator and a friend decided to flee to the Soviets and left on October 10; the supplied excerpt does not establish the year.
Liberation of Lublin
The narrator described Lublin as liberated during the fighting.
Manish's death
Manish reportedly died in a ghetto in 1943.
Last Aktion in Lukow
During the last Aktion in Lukow, people were loaded onto a train.
Mordkhe's shooting
Mordkhe was shot by Germans after jumping first from the train.
Narrator stays in Lukow
The narrator stayed in Lukow for several days and walked through its streets.
Narrator returns to military unit
The narrator returned to a military unit and described experiences in Lukow.
Reuven Weisbois organizes a group
Reuven Weisbois organized a group hiding in the woods around Lukow.
Death of Reuven Weisbaum
Reuven Weisbaum died in open combat with fascists.
Murder of David Liberman
Ukrainian bandits attacked and tore David Liberman apart.
Death of Reuven Heiblum’s wife
Reuven Heiblum’s wife died during the first action in the Minsk Ghetto.
Murder of Reuven Heiblum’s daughter
German forces took and murdered Reuven Heiblum’s only daughter.
Death of Reuven Heiblum
Reuven Heiblum died in heroic combat on 2 February 1943.
Death of Abraham-Moshe Shlachtawitsch
Abraham-Moshe Shlachtawitsch died in Warsaw in 1956.
Shumacher and Ndanski serve in Polish Army
Moshe Shumacher and Yankel Ndanski fought and reached officer rank.
Leibl and Shaul Agman serve in armies
Leibl and Shaul Agman fought in the Red Army and Kosciuszko Division.
Kuiva Tikotsky serves with partisans and Polish Army
Kuiva Tikotsky fought with regional partisans and later in the Polish Army.
Service in the International Brigade in Spain
Shlomo Weintraub fought in the International Brigade in Spain.
German attack on Lukow
German forces raided Lukow and seized men on 18 September 1939.
Red Army withdrawal
The Red Army withdrew across the Bug, causing panic in town.
Liberation of Łuków
The narrator states that Łuków had already been liberated.
Massacres of relatives
The narrator recalls reports of massacres committed against their close relatives.
Reported killings at the magistrate courtyard
Groups of Jews were reportedly brought there and shot by Gestapo personnel.
Establishment of the first concentration camps in France
The first concentration camps in France were established in 1941.