Łuków
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Berl
A literary reader who recited Song of Songs from memory and backward.
Song of Songs
A work recited from memory at the Passover gathering.
Yitzhak Moshe
A pious Jewish man known as Yosef Fergament’s father.
I. Zubrawitsch
Contributor named at the end of the passage.
Soviet camp
A Soviet camp where Yosef was reportedly seen in poor condition.
Communism
A political doctrine with which Yosef was somewhat associated.
Yankel Zukerman
Lukow-born Jewish combatant who joined the International Brigade in Spain.
Military service
Yankel Zukerman was assigned to cavalry during military service.
Yaakov Zukerman
A Jewish fighter associated with Łuków who was buried in Paris.
Gurs Camp
Internment camp near the French-Spanish border where Yankel was interned.
French-Spanish border
Border area near Gurs Camp.
Algeria
Destination to which internees were sent after France's occupation.
French Foreign Legion
Military organization that some Spanish combatants joined as volunteers in 1939.
Łuków landsmen
Łuków natives living in Paris who helped organize the funeral.
Friends of Łuków
An organization whose representatives spoke at Yaakov Zukerman’s open grave.
Polish Consulate in France
The consulate sent a representative to speak at the funeral.
Polish Red Cross
It gave negative responses to requests for assistance.
Union of Polish Patriots
Organization in which Karasik was active during evacuation.
D. Roitenberg
Name appearing in the passage’s closing byline.
Tanik Rozenstein
A Jewish Łuków gymnasium student whose father hoped he would become a doctor.
Shlomo Sharer
Tanik Rozenstein’s father, known as a barber, who wanted his son to become a doctor.
Zuckerman brothers
Brothers who owned a hardware business and sent their children to the gymnasium.
Yitzhak Heiblum
A confectionery merchant who sent children to the gymnasium.
Berl Barnstein
A mill owner who sent children to the gymnasium.
Nakh Plaman
A leather merchant who sent children to the gymnasium.
Dr. Herman
A doctor listed among Jewish families who sent children to the gymnasium.
Jewish gymnasium
A gymnasium attended by several Jewish students in Łuków.
Soviet-Polish border
The border Tanik crossed during a dark night.
Communist Russia
A political society viewed by Jewish intellectuals as realizing their dreams.
Miriam Shumik
A talented girl remembered from youth in Łuków.
Miriam Shumik’s father
A quiet, kind man and father of four daughters.
Communist Youth Union
Organization that Miriam Shumik joined.
Moshe Shlachtaovitch's father
Owner of a factory producing packing material for glassware.
Fese Ite
Moshe's mother, known for quietly helping needy families.
Moshe's father's factory
Factory employing approximately forty women and producing packing material for glassware.
Polish Government
Government that awarded Moshe several decorations after the war.