Białystok
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Liberation of survivors in the forest
The Red Army arrived, supplied survivors, and brought them back to Bialystok.
Confinement at 7 Kraszewskiego Street
Prisoners were confined to a barracks at 7 Kraszewskiego Street.
Forced labor route through Bialystok
Prisoners were taken to Nowosjolka, along Zielona Street, and to Grabuwka for forced labor.
Forced covering of mass graves
On July 13, 1944, prisoners were ordered to cover open graves containing dead bodies.
Detention and shooting of twenty children
Twenty children were detained for several days and then shot.
Imprisonment of ten additional Jews
Ten Jews hiding from August 1943 to April 1944 were imprisoned.
Judzik’s hiding beneath a bakery
Judzik avoided arrest while hiding beneath a bakery until May 1944.
Transport to the Augustow Forests
Prisoners were transported under armed guard to an open field in the Augustow Forests.
Escape from the Ghetto Workplace
Eight people escaped their place of work in the ghetto on November 1, 1943.
Bialystok ghetto liquidation begins
German, Ukrainian, and White Russian forces began liquidating the Bialystok ghetto on August 16, 1943.
Jewish children deported to Auschwitz
Approximately 1,200 Jewish children were taken away and later learned to have been deported to Auschwitz and gassed; Mirele’s individual fate is not confirmed.
Mass shooting at Poniatow labor camp
On November 3, 1943, 22,000 Jews, including 9,000 Bialystoker Jews, were shot.
Deportation of Bialystok ghetto children
The last 1,200 children were transported from Bialystok to Theresienstadt in late August 1943.
Deportation of women and children to Treblinka
Women and children were transported from the ghetto to Treblinka.
Transport of young men to Lublin-Poniatow
Young men were transported to Lublin-Poniatow after factory work.
Murder of resistance fighters and shelter occupants at Chmielna
Nazis discovered a shelter on Chmielna Street and shot a group of resistance fighters to death.
Massacre at the Jewish hospital
More than two hundred patients, doctors, and nurses were killed at the Jewish hospital.
Evacuation of children from Pietrasze Field
Some 1,200 children were evacuated from Pietrasze Field.
Fire near the Judenrat building
A house near the Judenrat building burned; approximately 26 Jews died.
Emptying of Pietrasze Field
On August 18, 1943, Jews were deported from Pietrasze Field to several destinations.
Deportation train leaves Bialystok
Jews were divided by work suitability and loaded onto a train leaving Bialystok.
Train cars separated at Malkin
At Malkin, rear cars carrying unsuitable workers were uncoupled and sent to Treblinka.
Arrival at Lublin-Poniatow
Approximately 3,000 Bialystoker Jews arrived at Lublin-Poniatow concentration camp.
Capture and deportation of Jews from hideouts
More than 2,000 Jews were captured in hideouts and sent to Treblinka.
Selection and removal from Pietrasze Field
Gestapo forces removed approximately 3,000 people from Pietrasze Field for slave labor; the evidence does not establish Friedl as organizer of this removal.
Mass murder at the ghetto cemetery
Elderly and ill Jews were shot and buried in pits at the cemetery.
Release of Rabbi Rozenman and family
Markus secured Rabbi Rozenman and his family’s release from the field.
Transfer of children into the ghetto
Twelve hundred children were sent back into the ghetto and housed in a building.
Deportation to Treblinka
Jews deemed unfit for work were transported to Treblinka and killed.
Gestapo shooting of Jakow Goldberg
The Gestapo shot Jakow Goldberg during the August liquidation.
Burning of Jews in the large synagogue
Nazi forces herded 2,000 Jews into a large synagogue and burned them alive.
Shooting of Bialystok intellectuals
Murderers shot 300 Jewish intellectuals near Bialystok.
Deportation of Bialystok Jews to an extermination camp
German forces dragged 5,000 Bialystok Jews to an extermination camp and killed them.
Establishment of the Bialystok ghetto
Nazi authorities established the Bialystok ghetto on August 1, 1941, imprisoning 60,000 Jews.
Exile of Bialystok Jews to Pruzhine
German forces exiled 6,000 Bialystok Jews to Pruzhine for forced labor.
Mass executions in the Bialystok vicinity
In November 1942, Jews from cities and towns near Bialystok were slain in mass executions; the quote does not specifically identify them as Bialystok Jews.