Białystok
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Shooting at Pietrashe
More than one hundred Jews were reportedly shot at Pietrashe by Nazis.
Jewish men and women volunteered for Nazi labor
More than a thousand Jewish men and women worked voluntarily for the Nazis to survive hunger and hardship.
Jewish Council delegation visits commandant
Jewish Council representatives, led by Engineer Barash, visited the Nazi commandant regarding detained people; the commandant said they had been sent to work in Germany.
Deportation of Jews from Bialystok
Nazi perpetrators drove thousands of Jews toward an unknown direction; most did not return.
Creation of a ghetto for Bialystok Jews
Creation of a segregated area in Bialystok where Jews were confined.
Forced relocation into the ghetto
Jews from different parts of the city were ordered to move into the ghetto within three days.
Rosenman resigned practical council functions
Rosenman resigned his practical functions because of age and poor health.
Formation of the Bialystok Jewish Council
A German commander ordered Rabbi Rosenman to assemble a twelve-member council.
Infectious-disease hospital established
A second hospital for infectious patients was established at Yuravtser Street 7.
Opening of an intellectuals’ kitchen
A special kitchen was established for intellectuals under the Jewish council’s direction.
Barracks construction ordered in November 1942
German authorities ordered several dozen barracks to be built in the Bialystok area in November 1942; the construction department carried out the work, but its organizational identity is not explicit.
Soviet attack on Białystok
Soviet forces attacked Białystok at night; bombs destroyed a building and killed 28 Jewish people.
Pesach Kaplan's funeral
A large funeral was arranged for the deceased Pesach Kaplan.
Final liquidation of the Bialystok Ghetto
The ghetto’s final liquidation occurred from 16 to 23 August 1943 amid resistance.
Deportation of approximately one thousand Jews from the Bialystok ghetto
Around one thousand Jews were ordered to leave the ghetto before Rosh Hashanah 1941.
Arrest of the Jewish official
The Gestapo leader arrested the Jewish official after the official refused a demand.
Destruction of the Great Synagogue
The Nazis later destroyed the Great Synagogue, according to the passage.
Arrest and transfer of Dr. Rosenman
A Gestapo unit took Dr. Rosenman, chairman of the Jewish Council, to Gestapo headquarters.
Synagogue burning
The Soviets set fire to a synagogue before leaving Bialystok.
Deportation of evacuated families toward Pruzhany
Evacuated families were assembled at night, placed on transport at Fabrichne Street, and sent to Pruzhany under harsh conditions.
Slonim massacre
A massacre at Slonim reportedly killed ten thousand people on November 14, 1941.
February 1943 evacuation from Bialystok
The passage describes the aftermath of the Pruzhany evacuation; it only situates this discussion after upheaval in Bialystok in February 1943.
Bialystok ghetto uprising
The uprising in the Bialystok ghetto began on 6 August 1943.
German roundups for forced labor
German roundups in city streets drove Jews toward forced labor and led them to seek stable employment.
Burning of houses on Red Friday
Houses in the synagogue courtyard were burned on Red Friday, 27 June 1941.
Formation of a reserve labor brigade
A reserve labor brigade was organized to regulate urgent labor assignments and placed at the Judenrat's disposal. The cited report is dated 20 November 1941, but the formation date is not explicit.
Evacuation of Bialystok Jews
Bialystok Jews were evacuated with their families under a Jewish Council warning.
Mass murder on November 2, 1942
The passage refers to 150,000 murdered Jews on a mournful day.
Return of Wolkowysk girls to Bialystok
In late November, the girls returned to Bialystok alive but exhausted and starving.
Jewish workers return to German firms
Jewish workers returned to German firms after the Jewish Council’s labor notice; the passage does not specifically identify the Pruzhany Jews as participants.
Women’s Aktion toward Wolkowysk
A notice concerns a women’s Aktion toward Wolkowysk and registration in a reserve brigade.
Punishment of parents in a penal camp
Seven parents were punished by confinement in a penal camp for concealing their daughters from work.
Deportations from Bialystok district
A death-bound struggle and deportations were announced in the Bialystok district.
Execution by hanging
Three people were hanged on 31 December 1942. The passage attributes the account to Fridl's report but does not establish Fridl as a witness or perpetrator of this event.
Execution of three Jews near the Biała River
Three of ten accused Jews were hanged by a Jewish policeman near a bridge over the Biała River.
Execution of named persons
Three named persons were hanged in the ghetto for allegedly stealing from the factory.