Łuków
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Nighttime action in Lukow
Nighttime action; remove the unsupported location Lukow. Murderers, including Polish police, killed 85 people in 1942.
Shootings at the Slodjan residence
Attackers shot two sons and a son-in-law on the stairs and Pinkhas in bed.
Gold demand from the Jewish council
The Gestapo demanded that the Lukow Jewish Council collect two kilograms of gold within seven days, threatening to kill all Jews in Lukow if it failed.
Confinement in the ghetto
The narrator and others were confined in an unnamed ghetto immediately after Yom Kippur 1942.
Ghetto Aktion
An Aktion began at five o’clock before dawn; Jews were driven to the pig market, and Lender and Lederman were murdered.
Formation of a Lukow ghetto resistance group
A group of five or six youths formed in the Lukow ghetto to organize resistance; Berl Peperman and Leibele Barenstits were among its members.
Shooting of a railway policeman
Resistance members entered a place near the pig market and shot a railway policeman.
Lukow Ghetto liquidation
The Lukow Ghetto was liquidated on 3 May 1943.
Shooting of hidden people
After a Polish chimney sweep found them and brought a German gendarme, the narrator’s father and brother were shot on the spot.
Killing of Polish chimney sweep
Jewish partisans shot the Polish chimney sweep, who had found the narrator's father and brother and brought a German gendarme.
Liberation of Lukow
The narrator states that the Russians liberated them on 23 July 1944; the passage subsequently mentions Łuków.
Arrival in America
The narrator arrived in America in 1949 after traveling through Katowice and Munich.
Aktion in Lukow
An Aktion was announced to begin in Lukow the following day.
Deportation to wagons
Thousands of Jews were taken to wagons during the reported operation.
Killing of Jewish Council members
Members of the Jewish Council were reportedly killed first.
Transport to Malcenov cemetery
Victims were gathered and taken to the New Jewish Cemetery at Malcenov.
Transport from Mezritsch to Treblinka
A transport from Mezritsch to Treblinka took Lukow residents from the station.
Guarding confiscated Jewish property
Left-behind Jewish property was stored in a synagogue and a beit midrash and guarded by Jewish and Polish police and firefighters.
Arrival of Kock Jews
Kock Jews arrived at night and were brought to designated streets.
Forced municipal labor
Four named tradesmen were taken overnight to the magistrate to complete a new detention facility in its courtyard.
Action against Kock and Lukow Jews
Many Jews from Kock and Lukow were taken away; the event location is not stated.
Deportation to the schoolyard
Approximately one hundred people were led to the schoolyard under Jewish Police escort; Birger and Neumann followed behind.
Night shooting of eighty children
Eighty children were reportedly shot at night in the Magistrate Yard.
Shooting of adults at Malczenow Cemetery
Victims were the adults and Chevra Kadisha workers, not the Chevra Kadisha organization itself.
Final surrounding of the ghetto
The ghetto was surrounded for the last time on 2 May 1943.
Shooting of Lender
Lender, the president of the Judenrat, was led aside and shot; the shooter is not explicitly identified.
Shooting of the narrator’s older brother
German SS men ordered the narrator’s older brother outside and shot him dead.
Roundup and detention at the magistrate courtyard
More than 600 people were confined at the magistrate courtyard during a roundup.
Murder of children
Approximately 200 children aged up to five were taken out and shot.
Final ghetto action
The narrator and his brother were together during the final action in the ghetto.
Movement to Galambek forest
Sixteen people went to the Galambek forest.
Deaths at the bunker
The sixteen people in the bunker were killed, and the bunker became their grave.
German attack near a forest fire
Germans opened fire on Jewish people near a fire; almost all were killed.
Survival until liberation
Armed Lukow residents sheltered the narrator and others in a forest bunker until liberation.
Formation of Lukow landsmen association in Brussels
A small Lukow emigrant group formed a landsmen association under Israel Goldgewicht.
May 1937 journey to Lukow
In May 1937, the narrator traveled to Lukow; Yosl got off in Lodz.