Łuków
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German invasion of Poland
Hitler’s army attacked Poland on 1 September 1939.
German attack on Belgium
German forces attacked neutral Belgium on 10 May 1940.
Planned flight toward Paris
The narrator and companions decided to flee toward Paris.
Arrival near Toulouse
The narrator arrived near Toulouse after eight days of travel.
Mobilization into the Polish Army
The narrator and Naphtali received orders to join the Polish Army in France.
Formation of the Vichy government
A capitulationist government was formed in Vichy under Pétain and Laval.
Return to Belgium
The narrator decided to return to Belgium after an order concerning homeless people.
Deportation of Lukow Jews from Belgium
Many Lukow Jews were deported from Belgium, and very few returned.
Formation of the Lukow Landsmanschaft in Belgium
Rescued Lukow residents formed a landsmanschaft in Belgium after liberation.
Visit to Lukow Jewish mass grave
Yosl and his brother Yidl traveled by horse and wagon to visit the mass grave of the Lukow Jews.
Moshe Zukerman detained by Paris police
Moshe Zukerman went to the police and was immediately detained on 14 May.
Arrival at Auschwitz
The transport arrived at Auschwitz after several days without food or drink.
Sorting in Birkenau
People were divided into left and right groups by the SS in Birkenau.
Imprisonment in Block 15
The narrator was imprisoned in camp block 15.
Transfer to Block 8
The narrator was transferred to block 8 after two days.
Forced labor at Portland factory
Fifty-nine people from the narrator's transport were sent to work at the Portland factory.
Forced labor in Galeshaw
Prisoners from Birkenau took over work in Galeshaw previously performed by free Poles; no employer or individual participants are identified.
Selection in camp
Dr. Schwarz or Schwarzkopf conducted a large selection in the camp in January 1944.
Nightly hangings by Ignatz
Ignatz hanged one person each night among the Jews.
Death of the Budapest rabbi
The narrator saw the Budapest rabbi die.
Deaths from hunger and cold
The unnamed president and accountant of the Diamond Club in Antwerp died from hunger and cold; the club itself is not a victim and Antwerp identifies the club, not necessarily the death place.
Death of a Belgian Jewish officer
A Belgian Jewish officer died and spoke final words to fellow prisoners.
Hanging of a boy for stealing bread
A boy was hanged for stealing a piece of bread.
Planned transfer to camps deeper in Germany
Murderers decided to transport prisoners to camps deeper in Germany on January 18, 1945.
Transfer to Flossenbürg
The narrator and others were transferred to Flossenbürg after a selection.
Adolf Eichmann arrived at the camp
Adolf Eichmann arrived at the camp near the end of February.
Transfer to Regensburg
The narrator was transferred to Regensburg with approximately four hundred others.
Mass shooting during nighttime evacuation
A nighttime forced removal on April 26 during which the group was fired upon; the shooting location is not established, since Regensburg is identified as the hospital location.
Ambulance transfer to Bamberg
The narrator was transported by ambulance to Bamberg.
Medical train transport to Paris
The narrator was placed on a military medical train bound directly for Paris.
Liquidation of Jewish life in Lukow
German perpetrators and collaborators deported Jewish families from Lukow to Treblinka.
Sheltering of Jewish Partisans
Janek Zimawski sheltered Jewish partisans from Kock at his home during an action in the Łuków ghetto; they were to return to the Kock forests afterward.
Proposed partisan group
The speakers decided to create a partisan group and leave for the forests around Kock; formation of the group is not confirmed.
Liher returned from Polish military service
The narrator’s brother Liher returned from the Polish military in 1939.
Murder of the Prast family
The Prast family was reportedly murdered by members of the Polish underground movement.
Bunker murders
People hidden in the bunker were taken into the yard and murdered on February 27, 1944.