Skala-Podilska
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138 nodes · Organization
Ukrainian murderous policemen
Identified as dangerous outsiders searching near the supply routes.
German border guards
German border guards guarding the former Polish-Soviet border.
German watchmen
Two German-speaking watchmen were encountered near the border.
Militia
A group reported as having killed people encountered on the road.
SS personnel
SS personnel patrolled the camp carrying weapons.
Kapos
Kapos patrolled the camp carrying weapons.
Soviets
Retreating Soviet forces from whom some individuals fled with the withdrawal.
Russian forces
Russian forces that suddenly packed up and abandoned the city.
Russian soldiers
Soldiers who withdrew from the town and later transported refugees.
Local enemies
Local enemies are described as having shed Jewish blood during the occupation.
Soviet opponents
Soviet opponents are described as seeking an independent Ukraine.
Soviet authorities
Authorities whose officer investigated occupation-era murders.
Women from the underworld
The narrator describes being placed among women from the criminal underworld.
World Jewish Congress
Organization associated with the 1965 notice seeking witnesses.
Jewish organizations
Organizations urged to arrange legal assistance for Jewish witnesses.
Documentation Center in Vienna
Organization credited with initiating documentation related to the proceedings.
Committee of Skala Emigrants
Committee whose members organized commemorations and gatherings for Skala emigrants.
ITA
Jewish telegraphic agency whose Vienna branch Tannenblatt managed from 1921.
Communist Party
The local Communist Party leadership reprimanded Deborah after her appeal.
Conservative congregation in Superior
Congregation where Chaim Rals served as rabbi.
Water carriers
Workers who transported spring water to designated town areas.
Zionist movement in Skala
A Zionist movement in Skala associated with establishing the first Hebrew school.
Nazis
The perpetrators whom the narrator’s father opposed and whose defeat he predicted.
Hashahar
Organization in Skala that established an evening school for youth.
Young Zion
An organization in which Chaim Roiz was an early activist in Peltshin.
He-Halutz nucleus in Skala
A local nucleus of He-Halutz established in Skala.
He-Halutz branch in Skala
A local branch of He-Halutz established through local Zionist activity.
Morris Schwarz Art Theater
Art theater associated with Isidor Keshir.
Ukrainian underground nationalist organization
A Ukrainian underground nationalist organization began organizing resistance in 1951.
Naye Zayt
New York publisher of Fradel Shtak’s book in 1919.
Zionists
Zionists offered their hall to socialists for a speaker.
Police
Authorities called to investigate Brukh Leib as a suspected spy.
Chortkover Hasidim
The Wizental family is described as fervent Chortkover Hasidim.
Tsarist army
Army in which the householder served for twenty-five years.
Ariel
Publisher named in the source note.
Skala Support Association in New York
Organization formed by Skala immigrants in New York.