Białystok
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Dan Levin
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Tzvi Yehuda Brainsky
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Yaakov Sapirstein
Hosted the first Hovevei Zion group meeting at his house.
Barukh Freidenberg
Named as an elected officer of the Hovevei Zion group.
Shmuel Sturman
Mentioned among the group’s predominantly weaver members.
Königsberg
Königsberg was a trading partner of Bialystok and nearby Jewish communities.
Frankfurt
Frankfurt is listed among Bialystok’s commercial connections.
Adolf Hitler
Named as the instigator of a violent attack and speaker at the Reichstag.
Gumiena Street
Street where a former bakery was located.
Zionism
The middle class supported Zionism.
Bialystok Ghetto
Ghetto where Hershberg reportedly perished during the second liquidation in 1943.
Shmuel Mohilever
Advocated forming a Zionist organization in Russia and later died in May 1898.
Moshe Leib Lilienblum
General secretary of the Hovevei Zion central organization.
Kiev
Designated as the financial center.
Warsaw
Designated as the literary and educational center.
Bialystok Zionist center
Bialystok was described as one of the largest centers of Zionism.
Tzvi Hirsh Liberman
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Alter Sapirstein
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Yehoshua Heshel Klementinovsky
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Shabtai Rudkovsky
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Yosef Yelin
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Avraham Leibowitz
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Yaffe
Named in the list of Hovevei Zion founders.
Ben-Zion Lifshitz
Named as a founder and officer of the Hovevei Zion group.
Lipa Kaganovich
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Simha Bunim Halevi Horowitz
Named as a founder of the Hovevei Zion movement.
Rabbi Meir Markus
Named as an elected officer of the Hovevei Zion group.
Aharon Yehoshua Shapiro
Named as an elected officer of the Hovevei Zion group.
Rabbi Shmuel Mohilever
Elected rabbi of Bialystok and later described as a leading Hovevei Zion figure.
Polish Republic
Bialystok was incorporated into the Polish Republic in 1919.
Burial of Cantor Czudin
Cantor Czudin was buried at Zabia cemetery.
February action
Nazi action in February 1943 killed and deported thousands of Jews.
February action in the Bialystok ghetto
Massacre involving searches, shootings, and evacuations from February 5–12, 1943.
Evacuation of Jews to Treblinka
Pejsach Kaplan observed hundreds of Jews rounded up for evacuation to Treblinka.
Execution of Izchok Malmed
Izchok Malmed was hanged in the square and later re-hanged after the rope broke.
Death of Cwi Wider
Cwi Wider hanged himself at home after leaving notes for the council and his wife.