Sokółka
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Shishki Forests
Forests near Sokolka remembered in descriptions of childhood landscapes.
Horodnitsa
Location near Grodno where textile industry was attempted.
Friedenstein
Author cited for discussion of Tizenhauz's treatment of Jews.
City of Heroes
Book cited for information about Tizenhauz and his treatment of Jews.
Sokolka River
River beside which Sokolka was located, flowing toward the Supraśl River.
Podlasia
Region transferred to Prussian rule after the Third Partition of Poland.
Prussia
State that ruled Podlasia after the Third Partition of Poland.
New East Prussia
Renamed territory of Poland-Lithuania under Prussian reorganization.
Frederick William II
Issued Jewish regulations in Berlin on April 17, 1797.
Berlin
City captured by Napoleon’s forces.
Frederick II
Earlier author of regulations summarized in the text.
Jewish community in Poland
Community structure that supported Polish Jews against persecution and assimilation.
Prussian state
State where the regulations caused fear among Jews.
Municipalities
Authorities placed over Jewish religious and legal functions under the regulations.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French leader whose forces defeated Prussia near Jena and captured Berlin.
Kaliszcziba
Town where rabbis and public activists convened in 1797.
Jena
German location of Napoleon’s battle against Prussian forces.
Białystok District
District transferred to Russia under the Treaty of Tilsit.
Drohiczyn District
District transferred to Russia under the Treaty of Tilsit.
Tilsit
Site of the peace conference associated with the 1807 territorial division.
Alexander I
Russian ruler who issued a proclamation to Lithuania in October 1807.
Davidov
Russian general who entrusted city rule to Jews during the Napoleonic War.
Bialystok District
District annexed to Russia in 1807, after which Sokolka was designated a district city.
Russia
Russia ruled Sokolka for more than a century after incorporating Polish and Lithuanian territories.
Muhammad
Religious figure whose faith was followed by the Tatars described in the passage.
Population of Sokolka and its district
Population described as consisting of Lithuanians, Poles, Orthodox Christians, Tatars, and Jews.
Lithuanians
One of the ethnic groups identified in Sokolka and its district.
Poles
One of the ethnic groups identified in Sokolka and its district.
Orthodox Christians
One of the religious groups identified in Sokolka and its district.
Tatars
Group described as descendants or remnants of Mongol forces and followers of Muhammad.
Jews
One of the groups comprising Sokolka and the district population.
Mongols
Conquerors whose forces reached Poland and remained in some conquered territories.
Russia and China
Territories described as having been conquered by Mongol forces.
Western Europe
Region where Mongol forces are described as having conquered Poland.
Mosques
Special religious sites visited by the Tatars described in the passage.
Grodno Province
Grodno Province was incorporated into the Russian Empire with Sokolka.