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Jewish privilege of 1659
A 1659 privilege granted Jews in Łuków residence, trade, and property rights.
Death of Maharam of Lublin
Maharam of Lublin died in 1616.
Joel Sirkis serving as rabbi in Lukow
Joel Sirkis was already serving as rabbi in Lukow in 1613–1614.
Former synagogue site
The original site remained vacant after the synagogue was relocated.
Clergy
Clergy objected that the original synagogue site was near their place of worship.
Maharam of Lublin
A rabbi who died in 1616 and was consulted about the synagogue-site question.
Joel Sirkis
Rabbi Joel Sirkis was already a rabbi in Lukow in 1613–1614.
Beit Hadash
Joel Sirkis is identified through his well-known work Beit Hadash.
Site of the burned synagogue
The burned synagogue site was located near a church.
Church
Church authorities opposed rebuilding the Lukow synagogue near the church.
Polish-inhabited area
A Polish-inhabited area expanded into the Jewish-inhabited area.
Archival acts of the tax office
Tax-office archival acts from the second half of the sixteenth century are cited as evidence.
King Kazimierz the Great
He is said to have granted a general privilege to Jews in his kingdom in 1453.
Crown city
Lukow Jews are described as residents of a crown city under the king.
Jewish court
A Jewish court adjudicated internal Jewish disputes and some disputes with non-Jews.
Jewish beth din
Jews brought disputes among themselves before the Jewish religious court.
Wojewode court
A Jewish court existed at the wojewode, with Jewish representatives present.
Jews
Jews enjoyed autonomy in internal affairs under Jewish law.
Polish guilds
Polish guilds competed with Jewish guilds and sometimes restricted Jewish occupations.
Jewish tailors
Jewish tailors made kosher clothing because of the prohibition against mixed fabrics.
Duchy of Warsaw becomes part of Congress Poland
The Duchy of Warsaw became part of Congress Poland in 1815.
Swedish forces
Swedish forces joined Prince Rakoczi in occupying Lukow.
Polish Kingdom
Lukow’s Jews experienced political upheavals in the Polish Kingdom.
Lublin Province
Province described as part of the territory incorporated into Western Galicia.
Western Galicia
Territory including Łuków and neighboring towns under the Austrian crown.
Austrian Crown
Political authority under which Łuków and its neighbors were placed.
Duchy of Warsaw
Territory into which Napoleon incorporated Western Galicia in 1809.
Congress Poland
Territory that included the Duchy of Warsaw from 1815 and became part of Russia.
Napoleon
Ruler who defeated opponents and incorporated Western Galicia into the Duchy of Warsaw.
Jewish community of Łuków
The Jewish community of Łuków was destroyed during the Second World War.
Russia
Łuków transferred to Russia in 1815.
First World War
The First World War marked the end of a historical chapter for Łuków Jews.
Adolf Hitler
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
Joint
A 1921 Joint survey recorded industrial enterprises in Łuków.
Organized Jewish community of Łuków
Łuków likely had communal life before Polish Jews gained internal self-government rights.
Jewish settlements
Jewish settlements are described as defending their rights.