Skala-Podilska
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295 nodes · Event
Skala wartime flight and Russian occupation
Skala Jews fled or remained as Russian forces occupied the town during the First World War.
Expulsion of Skala Jews to Russia
Skala Jews were expelled toward Russia, escorted by Russian Cossacks through Chartkiv and onward.
Arrest of Israel Leib Freyfelder
Israel Leib Freyfelder was held overnight in community detention and released the next morning.
Election of a Zionist community council
The Zionist organization succeeded in electing a Zionist community council in Skala.
Construction of Bet-Am
The Zionist organization built a large Bet-Am building in Skala.
Founding of the Gemilut Hasadim fund
The Gemilut Hasadim fund was established to provide loans to low-income people.
Founding of the People's Bank
A People's Bank was established with assistance from the Joint.
Establishment of a competing bank
Velvel Wasserman established a competing bank in Skala and sought funding from the Joint.
Rebuilding of Skala bathhouse
The bathhouse was rebuilt and modernized after World War I.
Hungarian conquest of Skala
The Hungarian Army conquered Skala on 8 July.
Aid to deportees passing through Skala
Skala Jews provided food, clothing, medical care, and transport assistance to deportees.
Massacre of Hungarian Jews at Orinin
Approximately three thousand Hungarian Jews were killed by machine-gun fire at Orinin.
Escape of three survivors to Hungary
Three boys reached Skala and obtained transit documents to cross into Hungary.
Hand-grenade attack on Hersher’s apartment
A hand grenade was thrown into David Hersher’s apartment; Roza was fatally wounded.
Jewish house marking before the planned Aktion
Jewish homes were marked with Stars of David before the planned major Aktion.
Judenrat finance committee expansion
Three members from outside the council joined its finance committee after Passover 1942.
Mass murder of Chortkiv intellectuals
Gestapo-led mass shooting of dozens of Chortkiv intellectuals in a nearby forest.
Arrival of Jews from surrounding villages
Jews from several villages arrived in Skala in April 1942.
Arrival of additional Jews from villages
Additional Jews from four villages joined the Jews in Skala.
Forced labor conscription from Skala
The Skala council selected 50 people for forced labor, and they were taken to Chortkiv.
Moshe Shtok killed at Borki camp
Moshe Shtok was killed in a work accident at Borki camp.
February 1942 forced-labor recruitment
The community was ordered to send another quota of forced laborers to Borki camp.
Arrests for forced labor
Ukrainian police and Ordnungdienst arrested Jews for forced labor.
Reporting and deportation from Skala during Passover 1942
Men from Skala were ordered to report in Borshchiv; 84 were taken to a labor camp.
Escape from Stopki labor camp
Two prisoners from Skala, a father and son, escaped from Stopki labor camp.
Murder of Leib Shakhter
Bartschneider took Leib Shakhter to a grove and murdered him.
Establishment of a Self-Help Social Organization branch in Skala
A local branch was established and began relief work in Skala.
Assembly, attempted escape, and detention at City Hall
Chaim Yaget was wounded while fleeing, and assembled people were detained at City Hall.
Release of approximately thirty prisoners
The rabbi released approximately thirty prisoners and sent twenty to the Gestapo in Chortkiv.
Wannsee Conference
The Wannsee Conference met on 20 January 1942 under Reinhard Heydrich.
Arrests during the Chortkiv reporting
Approximately two hundred people were arrested after reporting for identification documents.
Delivery of a demanded gift
Nissan Olinger delivered a demanded gift to Kellner’s office in Chortkiv.
The action in Skala
An operation began at six in the morning on September 26, 1942, as Jewish families hid nearby.
Encirclement and search of the town
Approximately 150 gendarmes and police encircled and searched the town, seizing property.
Action against Jewish residents
Kalner, Pahl, and Franz conducted a violent action involving murders, beatings, and shootings.
Deportation of Jewish detainees
Hundreds of detainees were marched to the railway station and transported away.